Monday, November 16, 2009

Important events in a young girls life?

Okay Ive asked a question like this before and I kinda got an idea for wat I wanna put on my project, but Im still having trouble thinking of major events that make me come of age. Do you know of any general events regarding coming of age from being born to becoming 13 years old? I know its not alot of information, but my teacher didnt give me much either. Thanks!

Important events in a young girls life?
Ok, so well while I feel most of these girls have good Ideas, such as teeth coming in first day of school, and boys I don't feel that, that has anything to do with coming of age.





I feel your teacher is somewhat testing you to see if you are of age yet. I tutored teen girls for about four years while I was in college. Most of the girls had the same ideas like those. Here are a few things I think you should mention.





1.Overcoming peer pressure-such as turning down a cig. or joint. Saying no to boys and alchol.


2. Realizing right from wrong-at an early age we know we are not suppose to touch fire or tell a lie, but why. Tell of the first time you realized the reason. Its not as hard as you think. Like if you could someone ugly or fat, and then watched them cry, and at that moment it hurt you as much as it did them.


3.Feeling-tell when you actually started likeing boys, not when you wrote down your top five picks in the grade.


4. Family-tell of a struggle your family had to go through that made you a stronger person, and helped define who you are today.


5.Death-do not forget to tell about a death that affected you. Not like Regan, but like some family or family friend. This shows that you are old enough to realize that things no matter how hard you try will not stay forever.





These are just a few things to think of. Remember coming of age is not really what happens to your body, it is what happens to your mind. You can still be completely grown in a physical sense, but until you start using your head your not actually a woman.
Reply:this is when everything starts to happen in your life as a Young adult, look at the difference in school when you were little and school now whats changed? how do you look at school now and then? boys...what was your opinion about them then and now? friends......what kind of friends did you have when you were little vs. the friends you have now?your opinion about things, do you see things differently now then what you did back then. just look back on everything you did or have done and compare the two!!!!!! everything you do in your life is a major event no matter how small or big!!!! if you need more help email me cheerpunk2005@yahoo.com hope this helped you in some way.................................GOOD LUCK
Reply:being a teenager? a lot!





first day


first drawing ever made


being a teen


food fight


first homerun


high school


period


boobs


break outs/pimples


boys, boys and boys


friends/peer and peer pressure


prom/homecoming


first kiss


CHEMISTRY (ugh!)


mean girls
Reply:day you were born


day/age you walked


day/age you talked


day/year you started school


day/age you slept over at a friend's house


day/age you started puberty


day/age you started your period


day/age you noticed you like boys (if you do)





ETA: I like KaciePaige's answer!
Reply:school is over.


why would you need this.


but its basic.


boobs.


period.


growing.
Reply:day you were born


said first word


took first step


lost first tooth


got first crush
Reply:1-5 learning to talk, walk, and understand things, learning how boys are different from girls





6-10 cooties, learning unfair advantages boys have-like football teams and boyscouts while girls have to be in girlscouts making arts n crafts.





11-13.growing, growing hair on your vag and armpits. wanting to look pretty. having feelings for boys. growing boobs. getting a period. growing a feeling of maturity
Reply:these are all great answers. Talk about you growing up, maybe it would help if you broke it down year by year. Tell something that happened or what was going on with your life. You seem like a very smart girl, I think u are just confused as to a starting point. Once you start you wont want to stop. Take these into concideration and good luck.
Reply:everytthing!!!!! riding a bike, become our selfs


become social
Reply:1)First day of School


2)First birthday party


3)First ride on a bike


4)First vacation


5)period maybe


6)birth of a sibling


7)first day of middle school


That's all I can think of now. I hope I helped. Good Luck!
Reply:omg! Just do the thinking. It's your life. How can any of us know what your moments were? I'd be doing good to do that for me let alone you. I don't even know you!





Peace

What events led up to the Spanish-American War?

Please give me SIX events and causes that led to the Spanish_American War. Please explain how those events were connected and led to this war. In addition, i would also like to learn some more about the war. Thank you and have an alluringly wonderful day/night.








PS: I want serious answers, not " a taco or a plate or rice and beans.." kind of answer. Real answers!

What events led up to the Spanish-American War?
1. Main reason: US warned Spain with war because they could not keep Cuba stable as a country, due to the civil war over there.





2. The Battle ship, USS Maine was sunk on February 15 1898 at 9:30 PM in Havana Harbor.





3. Republican Senator Redfield Proctor had made a speech that war was the only answer to solve this.





4. President McKinley requested authorization to send troops to cuba. It was passed with maxium military power.





5. Due to US, reaction, Spain had declared war on april 25 and broke off all friendly relations with US.





6. The De Lome letter had criticized McKinley as a president. It was written by a spanish minister to a friend in cuba.
Reply:I think you should do your own homework
Reply:Not paying attention the day they taught this?
Reply:The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War





Chronology


By Country: Cuba | Philippines and Guam | Puerto Rico | Spain


1868


10 October


Carlos M. Céspedes issued the Grito de Yara and initiated the Ten Years' War in Cuba (1868-1878), the independence movement that served as the forerunner of the 1895 Insurrection and the Spanish American War.


1887


March


Publication in Berlin, Germany, of Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) by José Rizal, the Philippines' most illustrious son, awakened Filipino national consciousness.


1890


U.S. foreign policy is influenced by Alfred T. Mahan who wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon history, 1600-1783, which advocated the taking of the Caribbean Islands, Hawaii, and the Philippine Islands for bases to protect U.S. commerce, the building of a canal to enable fleet movement from ocean to ocean and the building of the Great White fleet of steam-driven armor plated battleships.


1892


5 January


José Julián Martí y Pérez formed El Partido Revolucionario Cubano (Cuban Revolutionary party). This Cuban political party was organized first in New York City and Philadelphia and soon spread to Tampa and Key West, Florida.





3 July


La Liga Filipina, a political action group that sought reforms in the Spanish administration of the Philippines by peaceful means, was launched formally at a Tondo meeting by José Rizal upon his return to the Philippines from Europe and Hong Kong in June 1892. Rizal's arrest three days later for possessing anti-friar bills and eventual banishment to Dapitan directly led to the demise of the Liga a year or so later.





7 July


Andrés Bonifacio formed the Katipunan, a secret, nationalistic fraternal brotherhood founded to bring about Filipino independence through armed revolution, at Manila. Bonifacio, an illiterate warehouse worker, believed that the Liga was ineffective and too slow in bringing about the desired changes in government, and decided that only through force could the Philippines problem be resolved. The Katipunan replaced the peaceful civic association that Rizal had founded.


1895


24 February


Cuban independence movement (Ejército Libertador de Cuba) issued in the Grito de Baire, declaring Independencia o muerte (Independence or death), as the revolutionary movement in Cuba began. It was quelled by Spanish authorities that same day.





10 April


José Martí and Máximo Gómez Baez returned to Cuba to fight for independence; Gómez was to serve as military leader of the new revolution. The Cuban Revolutionary party (El Partido Revolucionario Cubano) in New York worked tirelessly for revolution, inspired by José Martí and maintained by various voices for Revolution.





12 June


U.S. President Cleveland issues proclamation of neutrality in the Cuban Insurrection.


1896


16 February


Spain begins reconcentration policy in Cuba.





28 February


The U.S. Senate recognized Cuban belligerency with overwhelming passage of the joint John T. Morgan/Donald Cameron resolution calling for recognition of Cuban belligerency and Cuban independence. This resolution signaled to President Cleveland and Secretary of State Richard Olney that the Cuban crisis needed attention.





2 March


The U.S. House of Representatives passed decisively its own version of the Morgan-Cameron Resolution which called for the recognition of Cuban belligerency.





9 August


Great Britain foils Spain's attempt to obtain European support for Spanish policies in Cuba.





26 August


Grito de Balintawak begins the Philippine Revolution.





7 December


President Cleveland says that the United States may take action in Cuba if Spain fails to resolve crisis there.


1896


William Warren Kimball, U.S. Naval Academy graduate and intelligence officer, completed a strategic study of the implications of war with Spain. His plan called for an operation to free Cuba through naval action, which included blockade, attacks on Manila, and attacks on the Spanish Mediterranean coast.


1897


19 January


Both William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer's New York World, through its sensational reporting on the Cuban Insurrection, helped strengthen anti-Spanish sentiment in the United States. On this date the execution of Cuban rebel Adolfo Rodríguez by a Spanish firing squad, was reported in the article "Death of Rodríguez" in the New York Journal by Richard Harding Davis. On October 8, 1897, Karl Decker of the New York Journal reported on the rescue of Cuban Evangelina Cisneros from a prison on the Isle of Pines.





4 March


U.S. President William McKinley inaugurated.





March


Theodore Roosevelt was appointed assistant U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president of the new republic of the Philippines; Andrés Bonifacio was demoted to the director of the interior.





25 April


General Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte became governor-general of the Philippines, replacing General Camilo García de Polavieja; his adjutant was Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, his nephew.





8 August


Spanish Prime Minister Antonio Cánovas is assassinated prompting change in government.





1 November


Philippine revolutionary constitution approved creating Biak-na-Bato Republic.





14-15 December


Spain reacted quickly to the Biak-na-Bato Republic and sought negotiations to end the war. With Pedro Paterno, a noted Filipino intellectual and lawyer, mediating, Aguinaldo representing the revolutionists and Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera representing the Spanish colonial government, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato was concluded. The Pact paid indemnities to the revolutionists the sum of 800,000 pesos, provided amnesty, and allowed for Aguinaldo and his entourage voluntary exile to Hong Kong.


1898


1 January


Spain grants limited autonomy to Cuba.





8 February


Spain's ambassador to the U.S., Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, resigned.





9 February


Pulitzer-owned New York Journal publishes Spanish Minister Enrique Dupuy de Lóme's letter criticizing President McKinley.





14 February


Luís Polo de Bernabé named Minister of Spain in Washington.





15 February


U.S.S. Maine explodes in Havana Harbor.





3 March


Governor-General of the Philippine Islands Fernando Primo de Rivera informed Spanish minister for the colonies Segismundo Moret y Prendergast that Commodore George Dewey had received orders to move on Manila.





9 March


U.S. Congress passes Fifty Million Bill to strengthen military.





17 March


U.S. Senator Redfield Proctor (R-Vt.) influences Congress and U.S. business community in favor of war with Spain.





19 March


The battleship U.S.S. Oregon left the port of San Francisco, California on its famous voyage to the Caribbean Sea and Cuban waters.





28 March


Report of U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry finds U.S.S. Maine explosion caused by a mine.





29 March


The United States Government issued an ultimatum to the Spanish Government to terminate its presence in Cuba. Spain did not accept the ultimatum in its reply of April 1, 1898.





April


Governor-General of the Philippine Islands Fernando Primo de Rivera, in a surprise move, was replaced by Governor-General Basilo Augustín Dávila in early April. Upon his departure from the Philippines, the insurgent movement renewed revolutionary activity due mainly to the Spanish government's failure to abide by the terms of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.





4 April


The New York Journal issued a million copy press run dedicated to the war in Cuba. The newspaper called for the immediate U.S. entry into war with Spain.





10 April


Spanish Governor General Blanco in Cuba suspended hostilities in the war in Cuba.





11 April


The U.S. President William McKinley requested authorization from the U.S. Congress to intervene in Cuba, with the object of putting an end to the war between Cuban revolutionaries and Spain.





13 April


The U.S. Congress agreed to President McKinley's request for intervention in Cuba, but without recognition of the Cuban Government.





The Spanish government declared that the sovereignity of Spain was jeopardized by U.S. policy and prepared a special budget for war expenses.





19 April


The U.S. Congress by vote of 311 to 6 in the House and 42 to 35 in the Senate adopted the Joint Resolution for war with Spain. Included in the Resolution was the Teller Amendment, named after Senator Henry Moore Teller (Colorado) which disclaimed any intention by the U.S. to exercise jurisdiction or control over Cuba except in a pacification role and promised to leave the island as soon as the war was over.





20 April


U.S. President William McKinley signed the Joint Resolution for war with Spain and the ultimatum was forwarded to Spain.





Spanish Minister to the United States Luís Polo de Bernabé demanded his passport and, along with the personnel of the Legation, left Washington for Canada.





21 April


The Spanish Government considered the U.S. Joint Resolution of April 20 a declaration of war. U.S. Minister in Madrid General Steward L. Woodford received his passport before presenting the ultimatum by the United States.





A state of war existed between Spain and the United States and all diplomatic relations were suspended. U.S. President William McKinley ordered a blockade of Cuba.





Spanish forces in Santiago de Cuba mined Guantánamo Bay.





22 April


U.S. fleet left Key West, Florida for Havana to begin the Cuban blockade at the principal ports on the north coast and at Cienfuegos.





23 April


President McKinley called for 125,000 volunteers.





24 April


Spanish Minister of Defense Segismundo Bermejo sent instructions to Spanish Admiral Cervera to proceed with his fleet from Cape Verde to the Caribbean, Cuba and Puerto Rico.





President of the Cuban Republic in arms, General Bartolomé Masó issued the Manifiesto de Sebastopol and reiterated the mambí motto "Independencia o Muerte".





25 April


War was formally declared between Spain and the United States.





26 April


Willaim R. Day became U.S. Secretary of State.





29 April


The Portuguese government declared itself neutral in the conflict between Spain and the United States.





30 April


The Spanish Governor General Blanco ordered hostilities resumed with the Cuban insurrectionists.





1 May


Opening with the famous quote "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley" U.S. Commodore George Dewey in six hours defeated the Spanish squadron, under Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón, in Manila Bay, the Philippines Islands. Dewey led the Asiatic Squadron of the U.S. Navy, which had been based in Hong Kong, in the attack. With the cruisers U.S.S. Olympia, Raleigh, Boston, and Baltimore, the gunboats Concord and Petrel and the revenue cutter McCulloch and reinforcements from cruiser U.S.S. Charleston and the monitors U.S.S. Monadnock and Monterey the U.S. Asiatic Squadron forced the capitulation of Manila. In the battle the entire Spanish squadron was sunk, including the cruisers María Cristina and Castilla, gunboats Don Antonio de Ulloa, Don Juan de Austria, Isla de Luzón, Isla de Cuba, Velasco, and Argos.





"The message to García". U.S. Army Lieutenant Andrew S. Rowan, through the assistance of the U.S. government, the Cuban Delegation in New York, and the mambises in Cuba, made contact with General Calixto García in Bayamo to seek his cooperation and to obtain military and political assessment of Cuba. This contact benefitted the Cuban Liberation Army and the Cuban Revolutionary Army and totally ignored the Government of the Republic in arms.





2 May


The U.S. Congress voted a war emergency credit increase of $34,625,725.





General Máximo Gómez opens communication with U.S. Admiral Sampson.





4 May


A joint resolution was introduced into the U.S. House of Representatives, with the support of President William McKinley, calling for the annexation of Hawaii.





10 May


Secretary of the Navy John D. Long issued orders to Captain Henry Glass, commander of the cruiser U.S.S. Charleston to capture Guam on the way to Manila.





11 May


Charles H. Allen succeeded Theodore Roosevelt as assistant secretary of the navy.





President William McKinley and his cabinet approve a State Department memorandum calling for Spanish cession of a suitable "coaling station", presumably Manila. The Philippine Islands were to remain Spanish possessions.





18 May


Prime Minister Sagasta formed the new Spanish cabinet. U.S. President McKinley ordered a military expedition, headed by Major General Wesley Merritt, to complete the elimination of Spanish forces in the Philippines, to occupy the islands, and to provide security and order to the inhabitants.





19 May


Emilio Aguinaldo returned to Manila, the Philippine Islands, from exile in Hong Kong. The United States had invited him back from exile, hoping that Aguinaldo would rally the Filipinos against the Spanish colonial government.





24 May


With himself as the dictator, Emilio Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government, replacing the revolutionary government, due to the chaotic conditions he found in the Philippines upon his return.





25 May


First U.S. troops were sent from San Francisco to the Philippine Islands. Thomas McArthur Anderson (1836-1917) commanded the vanguard of the Philippine Expeditionary Force (Eighth Army Corps), which arrived at Cavite, Philippine Islands on June 1.





27 May


U.S. Navy, under Admiral William Thompson Sampson and Commodore Winfield Scott Schley, formally blockaded the port of Santiago de Cuba.





28 May


General William Rufus Shafter, U.S. Army, received orders to mobilize his forces in Tampa, Florida for the attack on Cuba.





June-October


U.S. business and government circles united around a policy of retaining all or part of the Philippines





3 June


First contact of the commanders of the U.S. Marines and leaders of the Cuban Liberation Army, aboard the armored cruiser U.S.S. New York at which the revolutionary forces provided detailed information for the campaign.





9 June


U.S. Admiral William Thompson Sampson sailed to Guantánamo Bay.





10 June


U.S. Marines land at Guantánamo, Cuba.





11 June


McKinley administration reactivated debate in Congress on Hawaiian annexation, using the argument that "we must have Hawaii to help us get our share of China."





12 June


Philippines proclaim independence. German squadron under Admiral Diederichs arrives at Manila.





13 June


The Rough Riders sailed from Tampa, Florida bound for Santiago de Cuba.





14 June


McKinley administration decided not to return the Philippine Islands to Spain.





15 June


Anti-war American Anti-Imperialist League assembles. Admiral Cámara's squadron received orders to relieve Spanish garrison in Philippines.





Congress passed the Hawaii annexation resolution, 209-91. On July 6, the U.S. Senate affirmed the measure.





American Anti-Imperialist League was organized in opposition to the annexation of the Philippine Islands. Among its members were Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, William James, David Starr Jordan, and Samuel Gompers. George S. Boutwell, former secretary of the treasury and Massachusetts senator, served as president of the League.





Admiral Dewey's defeat of the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 ignited impassioned nationalistic feelings in Spain. Spanish Admiral Manuel de la Cámara y Libermoore's squadron received orders to relieve the Spanish garrison in the Philippine Islands. His fleet consisted of the battleship Pelayo, the armored cruiser Carlos V, the cruisers Rápido and Patriota, the torpedo boats Audaz, Osado, and Proserpina, and the transports Isla de Panay, San Francisco, Cristóbal Colón, Covadonga, and Buenos Aires.





18 June


U.S. Secretary of the Navy John D. Long ordered Commodore William T. Sampson to create a new squadron, the Eastern Squadron, for possible raiding and bombardment missions along the coasts of Spain.





20 June


Spanish authorities surrendered Guam to Captain Henry Glass and his forces on the cruiser U.S.S. Charleston.





The main U.S. force appeared off Santiago de Cuba, with more than 16,200 soldiers and various material in 42 ships. A total of 153 ships of the U.S. forces assembled off of the harbor.





Lieutenant General Calixto García (Cuba) and Admiral Sampson and General Shafter (US) met in El Aserradero (south coast of Oriente Province, Cuba) to complete the general strategy of the campaign. Cuban forces occupied positions west, northwest and east of Santiago de Cuba.





22 June


U.S. General Shafter's troops land at Daiquirí, Cuba.





27 June


Lieutenant General Calixto García requested that Tomás Estrada Palma and the Cuban Committee ask President McKinely to recognize the Cuban Council of Government.





1 July


U.S. and Cuban troops took El Viso Fort, the town of El Caney, and San Juan Heights. Spanish General Vara del Rey died in the fighting. San Juan Hill was taken at the same time, with the help of the Rough Riders under Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood at the battle on Kettle Hill. These victories opened the way to Santiago de Cuba. General Duffield, with 3,000 soldiers, took the Aguadores Fort at Santiago de Cuba. Spanish General Linares and Navy Captain Joaquín Bustamante died in battle.





2 July


Admiral Cervera and the Spanish fleet prepared to leave Santiago Bay.





3 July


The Spanish fleet attempt to leave the bay was halted as the U.S. squadron under Admiral Schley destroyed the Spanish destroyer Furor, the torpedo boat Plutón, and the armored cruisers Infanta María Teresa, Almirante Oquendo, Vizcaya, and Cristóbal Colón. The Spanish lost all their ships, 350 dead, and 160 wounded.





7 July


U.S. President McKinley signed the Hawaii annexation resolution, following its passage in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate.





8 July


U.S. acquired Hawaii.





15 July


Spanish forces under General Toral capitulated to U.S. forces at Santiago de Cuba.





17 July


Santiago surrenders to U.S. troops.





18 July


The Spanish government, through the French Ambassador to the United States, Jules Cambon, initiated a message to President McKinley to suspend the hostilities and to start the negotiations to end the war. Duque de Almodóvar del Río (Juan Manuel Sánchez y Gutiérrez de Castro), Spanish Minister of State, directed a telegram to the Spanish Ambassador in Paris charging him to solicit the good offices of the French Government to negotiate a suspension of hostilities as a preliminary to final negotiations.





U.S. General Leonard Wood was named military governor of Santiago de Cuba.





Clara Barton of the Red Cross cared for wounded soldiers at Santiago de Cuba.





25 July


General Wesley Merritt, commander of Eighth Corps, U.S. Expeditionary Force, arrived in the Philippine Islands.





26 July


French Government contacted the United States Government regarding the call for suspension of hostilities at the request of the Spanish Government.





28 July


Duque de Almodóvar del Río called for the U.S. annexation of Cuba.





U.S. officials instruct General Shafter to return troops immediately to the United States to prevent an outbreak of yellow fever.





30 July


U.S. President McKinley and his Cabinet submitted to Ambassador Cambon a counter-proposal to the Spanish request for ceasefire.





2 August


Spain accepted the U.S. proposals for peace, with certain reservations regarding the Philippine Islands. McKinley called for a preliminary protocol from Spain before suspension of hostilities. That document was used as the basis for discussion between Spain and the United States at the Treaty of Peace in Paris.





11 August


U.S. Secretary of State Day and French Ambassador Cambon, representing Spain, negotiated the Protocol of Peace.





12 August


Peace protocol that ended all hostilities between Spain and the United States in the war fronts of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines was signed in Washington, D.C.





13 August


Manila falls to U.S. troops.





14 August


Capitulation was signed at Manila and U.S. General Wesley Merritt established a military government in the city, with himself serving as first military governor.





President of the Governing Council of the Republic of Cuba Bartolomé Masó called for elections of Revolutionary Representatives to meet in Assembly.





15 August


U.S. General Arthur MacArthur appointed military commandant of Manila and its suburbs.





12 September


The U.S (General Wade, General Butler and Admiral Sampson) and Spanish Military Commission (Generals Segundo Cabo and González, Admiral Vicente Manterola, and Doctor Rafael Montoro) met in Havana, Cuba, to discuss the evacuation of Spanish forces from the island.





13 September


The Spanish Cortes (legislature) ratified the Protocol of Peace.





15 September


The inaugural session of the Congress of the First Philippine Republic, also known as the Malolos Congress, was held at Barasoain Church in Malolos, province of Bulacan, for the purpose of drafting the constitution of the new republic.





16 September


The Spanish and U.S. Commissioners for the Peace Treaty were appointed. U.S. Commissioners were William R. Day (U.S. Secretary of State), William P. Frye (President pro tempore of Senate, Republican-Maine), Whitelaw Reid, George Gray (Senator, Democrat- Delaware), and Cushman K. Davis (Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Republican-Minnesota). The Spanish Commissioners were Eugenio Montero Ríos (President, Spanish Senate), Buenaventura Abarzuza (Senator), José de Garnica y Diaz (Associate Justice of the Supreme Court), Wenceslao Ramírez de Villa Urrutia (Envoy Extraordinary), and Rafael Cerero y Saenz (General of the Army).





William R. Day resigned as U.S. Secretary of State and was succeeded by John Hay.





22 September


When Major General Calixto García and his Cuban forces arrived in Santiago de Cuba, General Leonard Wood formally recognized his efforts in the war since General Shafter had failed to recognize the Cuban leader's participation in the capitulation of Santiago.





26 September


Commission established under U.S. General Grenville Dodge to investigate mismanagement by U.S. War Department.





1 October


The Spanish and United States Commissioners convened their first meeting in Paris to reach a final Treaty of Peace.





25 October


McKinley instructed the U.S. peace delegation to insist on the annexation of the Philippines in the peace talks.





10 November


U.S.S. Maine


U.S.S. Maine


In accord with the Assembly of Representatives of the Revolution, a commission of Major General Calixto García, Colonel Manuel Sanguily, Dr. Antonio González Lanuza, General José Miguel Gómez and Colonel José R. Villalón met to seek support for needs of the Liberation Army and to establish a Cuban government. The U.S. did not recognize this commission. The U.S. instead stated that the U.S. had declared war on Spain and all of its possessions because of the destruction of the battleship U.S.S. Maine and other acts against the United States.





26 November


Captain General Ramón Blanco y Erenas resigned as Governor General of Cuba.





28 November


The Spanish Commission for Peace accepted the United States' demands in the Peace Treaty.





29 November


The Philippine revolutionary congress approved a constitution for the new Philippine Republic.





10 December


Representatitves of Spain and the United States signed the Treaty of Peace in Paris. Spain renounced all rights to Cuba and allowed an independent Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and the island of Guam to the United States, gave up its possessions in the West Indies, and sold the Philippine Islands, receiving in exchange $20,000,000.





21 December


President McKinley issued his Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation, ceding the Philippines to the United States, and instructing the American occupying army to use force, as necessary, to impose American sovereignity over the Philippines even before he obtained Senate ratification of the peace treaty with Spain.





23 December


Guam placed under control of U.S. Department of the Navy.


1899


1 January


Emilio Aguinaldo was declared president of the new Philippine Republic, following the meeting of a constitutional convention. United States authorities refused to recognize the new government.





Spanish forces left Cuba.





17 January


U.S. claims Wake Island for use in cable link to Philippines. U.S. Commander Edward Taussig, U.S.S. Bennington, landed on the island and claimed it for the United States.





21 January


The constitution of the Philippine Republic, the Malolos Constitution, was promulgated by the followers of Emilio Aguinaldo.





4 February


The Philippine Insurrection began as the Philippine Republic declared war on the United States forces in the Philippine Islands, following the killing of three Filipino soldiers by U.S. forces in a suburb of Manila.





6 February


U.S. Senate ratified the Treaty of Paris by a vote of 52 to 27.





19 March


The Queen regent of Spain, María Cristina, signed the Treaty of Paris, breaking the deadlock in the Spanish Cortes.





11 April


The Treaty of Paris was proclaimed.





2 June


Spanish forces at Baler, Philippine Islands, surrender to U.S.


1901


23 March


Led by General Frederick Funston, U.S. forces captured Emilio Aguinaldo on Palanan, Isabela Province. Later, he declared allegiance to the United States.


1902


July


War ended in the Philippines, with more than 4,200 U.S. soldiers, 20,000 Filipino soldiers, and 200,000 Filipino civilians dead.
Reply:USS Maine was not blown up, it exploded due to the presence of coal dust in the boiler room. Only, the US thought the Maine was blown up at the time.
Reply:Why SIX events? Is this a quiz?
Reply:The Spanish/Mexocans used to own the southwest region of the present-day United States and present-day Mexico. The Americans, however, dreamed of having the United States stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean (the United States used to be only the states in the ease). In order to achive that dream, the Americans had to get hold of the southwest region. Then the war began....





If you want to know how the war ended....The Americans and Spanish/Mexican signed a treaty. After that treaty was signed, the Americans received the southwest region and the Spanish/Mexicans only kept Mexico.








So.. the six events are:


1) Spanish/Mexicans own southwest region of the present-day US.


2) Americans dream of having United States stretch from ocean to ocean.


3) Americans' dream grows stronger and more desperate.


4) Spanish/Mexicans refuse to hand over land.


5) Americans grow angry.


6) The war begins.......





Sorry for some of the unneeded information, but I hope this helps. ^^
Reply:Do your own homework...oh yea..... taco!!
Reply:1. WHITE PEOPLE ACTING LIKE WHITES


2. WHITE PEOPLE ACTNIG LIKE BLACKS


3. WHITE PEOPLE ACTNIG LIKE MEXICANS


4. WHITE PEOPLE ACTNIG LIKE ROMANS


5. WHITE PEOPLE ACTNIG LIKE BARBARIANS


6. WHITE PEOPLE ACTNIG LIKE VIKINGS
Reply:The Spanish-American War was a conflict between the Kingdom of Spain and the United States of America that took place from April to August 1898. It was caused by American demands that Spain resolve peacefully the insurrection in Cuba, which Spain was unable to do. The explosion of the American battleship "Maine" raised tensions but was not the main cause of the war, nor was "yellow journalism" in New York City that harped on Spanish atrocities. The war ended after quick, decisive naval and


military victories for the United States in the Philippines and Cuba. Only 113 days after the outbreak of war, the Treaty of Paris, which ended the conflict, gave the United States ownership of the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam. The U.S. took control of Cuba, ended the insurrection, expelled the Spanish and granted independence there in 1902.


Declaration of war





The main reason for the United States to threaten Spain with war was Spain's inability to guarantee peace and stability in Cuba.[2]. The war lasted only 10 weeks between April and August of 1898 and took place over the liberation of Cuba. After the United States threatened with war, Spain declared war on the United States.





The sinking of the battleship USS Maine on February 15 1898 at 9:30 PM in Havana Harbor did not cause the war, but it focused American attention on Cuba; the call was for an immediate resolution to the Cuban situation. Newspapers circulated The De Lome letter written by the Spanish minister to a friend in Cuba. He criticized President McKinley as incompetent President. Spanish minister Práxedes Mateo Sagasta attempted to compromise with an offer to withdraw unpopular officials from Cuba, and yet another proposal for Cuba's autonomy sometime in the future.





The decisive event was probably the speech of Republican Senator Redfield Proctor in mid-March, thoroughly and calmly analyzing the situation and concluding war was the only answer. The business and religious communities, which had opposed war, now switched sides, leaving McKinley and Reed almost alone.[3] Thus, on April 11, McKinley asked Congress for authority to send American troops to Cuba for the purpose of ending the civil war there. On April 19, Congress passed joint resolutions proclaiming Cuba "free and independent" and disclaiming any intentions in Cuba, demanded Spanish withdrawal, and authorized the President to use as much military force as he thought necessary to help Cuban patriots gain freedom from Spain. (This was adopted by Congress from Senator Henry Teller of Colorado as the Teller Amendment, which passed unanimously.) In response, Spain broke off diplomatic relations with the United States, and declared war on April 23. On April 25, Congress declared that a state of war between the United States and Spain had existed since April 20 (later changed to April 21).





[edit] Theaters of operation





[edit] The Philippines





The first battle was in the sea near the Philippines where, on May 1, 1898, Commodore George Dewey, commanding the United States Pacific fleet, in a matter of hours, defeated the Spanish squadron, under Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarón, without sustaining a casualty, at the Battle of Manila Bay. The success of the Pacific Fleet was due to the Spanish Navy being trapped in the bay.





Meanwhile, Dewey allowed Emilio Aguinaldo to return to the Philippines. Aguinaldo's forces attacked the Spanish on land, successfully defeating them and ended with the Battle of Manila (July 25, 1898 - August 13, 1898) where the Spanish surrendered Manila but the U.S. Army made a deal to protect them from Filipino persecution.





[edit] Cuba


Staff of the 1st US Volunteer Regiment, the "Rough Riders" in Tampa - LtCol Roosevelt on right.


Staff of the 1st US Volunteer Regiment, the "Rough Riders" in Tampa - LtCol Roosevelt on right.


Detail from Charge of the 24th and 25th Colored Infantry and Rescue of Rough Riders at San Juan Hill, July 2, 1898 depicting the Battle of San Juan Hill.


Detail from Charge of the 24th and 25th Colored Infantry and Rescue of Rough Riders at San Juan Hill, July 2, 1898 depicting the Battle of San Juan Hill.





The Spanish-American War was different from many other wars because it did not deal with America’s rights; nevertheless it dealt with our issues over expansionism. Theodore Roosevelt actively encouraged intervention in Cuba and, while assistant secretary of the Navy, placed the Navy on a war-time footing. He ordered Commodore George Dewey and the Pacific fleet to the Philippines and he worked with Leonard Wood in convincing the Army to raise an all-volunteer regiment, the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry. Wood was given command of the regiment that became quickly known as the "Rough Riders".





[edit] Naval operations in Cuba





The first battle in Cuba was by a base at Guantánamo Bay on 10 June by U.S. Marines (see 1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay)





Spanish Admiral Cervera, who had arrived from Spain, held up his naval forces in Santiago harbor where they would be protected from sea attack. Assistant Naval Constructor Richmond Pearson Hobson was soon ordered by Admiral Sampson to sink the collier Merrimac in the harbor to bottle up the fleet. The mission was a failure and Hobson and his crew were captured. They were exchanged on July 6, and Hobson became a national hero; receiving the Medal of Honor in 1933 and becoming a Congressman.





[edit] Ground operations in Cuba





The Americans planned to capture the city of Santiago in order to destroy Linares Army and Cervera's fleet, which they must to pass through concentrated Spanish defenses in San Juan Hills and a small town in El Caney. The Americans forces would be aided in Cuba by the pro-independence rebels led by General Calixto García. On June 22 and June 24, the U.S. V Corps under General William R. Shafter landed at Daiquiri and Siboney East of Santiago and established the American base of operations. An advance guard of U.S. forces under former Confederate General Joseph Wheeler ignored Cuban scouting parties and orders to proceed with caution. They caught up with and engaged the Spanish rear guard in the Battle of Las Guasimas. Here, U.S. forces were checked momentarily although the Spanish continued their planned retreat. The battle of Las Guasimas showed the U.S.A that the civil war tactics did not work effectively against Spain, they suffered a lot of unnecessary casualties.





[edit] Battle of El Caney, Las Gu´simas, and San Juan Hill





On July 1 a combined force of about 15,000 American troops in regular infantry, cavalry and volunteer regiments, including Roosevelt and his "Rough Riders," and rebel Cuban forces attacked 1,270 entrenched Spaniards in dangerous frontal assaults at the Battle of El Caney and Battle of San Juan Hill outside of Santiago. [5] More than 200 U.S. soldiers were killed and close to 1,200 wounded [6] in the fighting, The Spaniards suffered less than half the number of casualties. [7] Supporting fire by Gatling guns was critical to the success of the assault [8] [9]. It was then that Cervera decided to escape Santiago two days later. Las Gu´simas





The Spanish forces at Guantánamo were so isolated by Marines and Cuban forces that they did not know that Santiago was under siege, and their forces in the northern part of the province could not break through Cuban lines. This was not true of the Escario relief column from Manzanillo [10] which fought its way past determined Cuban resistance, but arrived too late to participate in the siege.





[edit] Subsequent operations





After the battles of San Juan Hill and El Caney, the action was slowed by the successful defenses at and around Fort Canosa [11]. The campaign turned into a bloody strangling siege.[4] During the nights, Cuban troops were used to dig successive series of progressively advancing "trenches," which were actually raised parapets. Once completed, these parapets were occupied by US troops and a new set of parapets constructed. The US troops, while suffering some losses from Spanish fire, suffered far more casualties from heat exhaustion and mosquito borne disease.[5] At the western approaches to the city Cuban General Calixto Garcia began to encroach on the city, causing much panic and fear of reprisals among the Spanish forces.





The Americans defeated the poorly developed ships of A≈ Cervera as his fleet left the safety of the port of Santiago in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba and gained control of the seas around Cuba.[6] This prevented re-supply of the Spanish forces and also allowed the U.S. to land considerable reserve forces unopposed. Within a month, most of the island was in US or Cuban hands, but they suffered serious casualties from wounds and illness. Soon the Spanish abandoned Havana, under US protection, but the Cubans wanted revenge.





[edit] Puerto Rico


U.S. 1st Kentucky Volunteers in Puerto Rico, 1898


U.S. 1st Kentucky Volunteers in Puerto Rico, 1898





During May 1898, Lt. Henry H. Whitney of the United States Fourth Artillery was sent to Puerto Rico on a reconnaissance mission, sponsored by the Army's Bureau of Military Intelligence. He provided maps and information on the Spanish military forces to the U.S. government prior to the invasion. On May 10, U.S. Navy warships were sighted off the coast of Puerto Rico. On May 12, a squadron of 12 U.S. ships commanded by Rear Adm. William T. Sampson bombarded San Juan. During the bombardment, many buildings were shelled. On June 25, the Yosemite blocked San Juan harbor. On July 25, General Nelson A. Miles, with 3,300 soldiers, landed at Guánica and took over the island with little resistance.





[edit] Peace treaty





With both of its fleets incapacitated, Spain sued for peace.





Hostilities were halted on August 12, 1898. The formal peace treaty, the Treaty of Paris, was signed in Paris on December 10, 1898 and was ratified by the United States Senate on February 6, 1899. It came into force on April 11, 1899. Cubans participated only as observers.





The United States gained almost all of Spain's colonies, including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Cuba was granted independence, but the United States imposed various restrictions on the new government, including prohibiting alliances with other countries.





On August 14, 1898, 11,000 ground troops were sent to occupy the Philippines. When U.S. troops began to take the place of the Spanish in control of the country, warfare broke out between U.S. forces and the Filipinos.





[edit] Aftermath


With the end of the war, Colonel Roosevelt musters out of the US Army at Montauk, Long Island, in 1898


With the end of the war, Colonel Roosevelt musters out of the US Army at Montauk, Long Island, in 1898





The Spanish-American War was a “splendid little war” from the American and Cuban perspective. The press also showed Northerners and Southerners, blacks and whites fighting against a common foe, helping to ease the scars left from the civil war.





The Spanish-American War is significant in American history, as it saw the young nation emerge as a power on the world stage, though with a colonial domain smaller than that of Britain or France. The war marked American entry into world affairs: over the course of the next century, the United States had a large hand in various conflicts around the world. The Panic of 1893 was over by this point, and the United States entered a lengthy and prosperous period of high economic growth, population growth, and technological innovation which would last through the 1920s.





The Spanish-American war marked the effective end of the Spanish empire. Spain had been declining as a great power over most of the previous century. The defeat paradoxically postponed the civil war that had seemed imminent in 1898 and created a renaissance known as the Generation of 1898. Spain, however, would break out into civil war in the 1930s.


1898 political cartoon: "Ten Thousand Miles From Tip to Tip" meaning the extension of U.S. domination (symbolized by a bald eagle) from Puerto Rico to the Philippines. The cartoon contrasts this with a map of the smaller United States 100 years earlier in 1798.


1898 political cartoon: "Ten Thousand Miles From Tip to Tip" meaning the extension of U.S. domination (symbolized by a bald eagle) from Puerto Rico to the Philippines. The cartoon contrasts this with a map of the smaller United States 100 years earlier in 1798.





Congress had passed the Teller Amendment prior to the war, promising Cuban independence. However, the Senate passed the Platt Amendment as a rider to an Army appropriations bill, forcing a peace treaty on Cuba which prohibited it from signing treaties with other nations or contracting a public debt. The Platt Amendment was pushed by imperialists that wanted to project U.S. power abroad (this was in contrast to the Teller Amendment which was pushed by anti-imperialists that called for a restraint on U.S. hegemony). The Amendment granted the United States the right to stabilize Cuba militarily as needed. The Platt Amendment also provided for the establishment of a permanent American naval base in Cuba; it is still in use today at Guantánamo Bay. The Cuban peace treaty of 1903 governed Cuban-American relations until 1934.





The United States annexed the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam. The notion of the United States as an imperial power, with foreign colonies, was hotly debated domestically with President McKinley and the Pro-Imperialists winning their way over vocal opposition led by Democrat William Jennings Bryan, who had supported the war. The American public largely supported the possession of colonies, but there were many outspoken critics such as Mark Twain, who wrote The War Prayer in protest.





Roosevelt returned to the United States a war hero, soon to be elected governor, and then Vice President.


1900 Campaign poster


1900 Campaign poster





The war served to further cement relations between the American North and South. The war provided both sides a common enemy for the first time since the end of the American Civil War in 1865, and many friendships were formed between soldiers of both Northern and Southern states during their tours of duty. This was an important development as many soldiers in this war were the children of Civil War veterans on both sides, and may have grown up regarding their parents' counterparts as enemies.


Segregation in the US Military, 1898


Segregation in the US Military, 1898





The African-American community strongly supported the rebels in Cuba, supported entry into the war, and gained prestige from their wartime performance in the American army. Spokesmen noted that 33 African American seamen had died in the Maine explosion. The most influential black leader, Booker T. Washington argued that his race was ready to fight. War would offer them a chance "to render service to our country that no other race can," because, unlike whites, they were "accustomed" to the "peculiar and dangerous climate" of Cuba. In mid-March, 1898, Washington promised the Secretary of the Navy that war would be answered by "at least ten thousand loyal, brave, strong black men in the south who crave an opportunity to show their loyalty to our land and would gladly take this method of showing their gratitude for the lives laid down and the sacrifices made that the ***** might have his freedom and rights."[7]





In 1904, the United Spanish War Veterans was created from smaller groups of the veterans of the Spanish American War. Today, that organization is defunct, but it left an heir in the form of the Sons of Spanish American War Veterans, created in 1937 at the 39th National Encampment of the United Spanish War Veterans. According to data from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the last surviving U.S. veteran of the conflict, Nathan E. Cook, died on September 10, 1992 at the age of 106. (If the data is to be believed, Cook, born October 10, 1885, would have been a mere 12 years of age when he served in the war.)





[edit] Propaganda in the war


General Jacob H. Smith's infamous order "KILL EVERY ONE OVER TEN" was the caption in the New York Journal cartoon on May 5, 1902. The Old Glory draped an American shield on which a vulture replaced the bald eagle. The bottom caption exclaimed, "Criminals Because They Were Born Ten Years Before We Took the Philippines".


General Jacob H. Smith's infamous order "KILL EVERY ONE OVER TEN" was the caption in the New York Journal cartoon on May 5, 1902. The Old Glory draped an American shield on which a vulture replaced the bald eagle. The bottom caption exclaimed, "Criminals Because They Were Born Ten Years Before We Took the Philippines".





New York Journal -- May 5, 1902.]] Historians debate the extent to which propaganda--rather than true stories and actual events--caused the war. In the 1890s, while competing over readership of their newspapers in New York City, William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer’s yellow journalism are said to sway public opinion in New York City. They were not influential in the rest of the country. By appealing to the territoriality and ethnocentrism of readers, Hearst and Pulitzer had some influence over American opinion of the Spanish. The Spanish soldiers, portrayed as cruel and bloodthirsty, were accused of countless illegal and immoral acts. Allegations were made that innocent women were strip searched by callous troops, or taken prisoner and thrown into Cuban jails full of violent criminals. These images and stories invoked the public outcry that led to war.





One of the most effective ways to rouse emotion was to portray the victimization of women, the most prominent being Evangelina Betancourt Cisneros. The articles do not only mention Evangelina, but also describe her as an affluent, innocent young woman. She was intentionally described this way to invoke a sympathetic response. The response the authors wanted was support for the Cubans. Evangelina Cisneros was, in fact, the daughter of a rebel leader who had been imprisoned. In order to get her father moved to a better prison, Evangelina offered to stay in prison with him. After an incident with a Spanish Colonel, the nature of which is unclear, Evangelina was moved to a much harsher prison.





The Spanish American War also saw the very first use of film in propaganda. A short ninety second film, called Tearing Down the Spanish Flag, produced in 1898, was a simple moving image designed to inspire patriotism and hatred for the Spanish in America. This film, as the title suggests, depicts the removal of the Spanish national flag and its replacement by the Stars and Stripes of America. This film was very effective in rousing its audience.





[edit] Military decorations





In the United States, the Spanish-American War was the first large-scale military action since the Civil War, and the conflict produced the first major recognition of individual acts of bravery by soldiers, marines, and sailors alike.





The United States awards and decorations of the Spanish-American War were as follows:





* Medal of Honor (Extreme Acts of Heroism or Bravery)


* Specially Meritorious Service Medal (Navy and Marine Corps Meritorious Actions)


* Spanish Campaign Medal (General Service)


* West Indies Campaign Medal (West Indies Naval Service)


* Sampson Medal (West Indies service under Admiral Sampson)


* Dewey Medal (Battle of Manila Bay Service)


* Spanish War Service Medal (U.S. Army Homeland Service)


* Army of Puerto Rican Occupation Medal (Post-War Occupation Duty)


* Army of Cuban Occupation Medal (Post-War Occupation Duty)





The Spanish Campaign Medal was upgradeable to include the Silver Citation Star to recognize those U.S. Army members who had performed individual acts of heroism. The governments of Spain and Cuba also issued a wide variety of military awards to honor Spanish, Cuban, and Philippine soldiers who had served in the conflict.


U.S. Army War with Spain campaign streamer.


U.S. Army War with Spain campaign streamer.





[edit] Further reading





[edit] References





* Benjamin R. Beede, ed. The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898-1934 (1994). an encyclopedia


* Donald H. Dyal, Brian B. Carpenter, Mark A. Thomas; Historical Dictionary of the Spanish American War Greenwood Press, 1996


* Hendrickson, Kenneth E., Jr. The Spanish-American War Greenwood, 2003. short summary





[edit] Diplomacy and causes of the war





* James C. Bradford, ed., Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-American War and Its Aftermath (1993), essays on diplomacy, naval and military operations, and historiography.


* Lewis L. Gould, The Spanish-American War and President McKinley (1982)


* Ernest R. May, Imperial Democracy: The Emergence of America as a Great Power (1961)


* Walter Millis, The Martial Spirit: A Study of Our War with Spain (1931)


* H. Wayne Morgan, America's Road to Empire: The War with Spain and Overseas Expansion (1965)


* John L. Offner, An Unwanted War: The Diplomacy of the United States and Spain over Cuba, 1895-1898 (1992).


* Offner, John L. "McKinley and the Spanish-American War" Presidential Studies Quarterly 2004 34(1): 50-61. ISSN 0360-4918


* Pratt, Julius W. The Expansionists of 1898 (1936)


* Schoonover, Thomas. Uncle Sam's War of 1898 and the Origins of Globalization. 2003


* Tone, John Lawrence. War and Genocide in Cuba, 1895-1898 (2006)





[edit] The war





* Donald Barr Chidsey, The Spanish American War ( New York, 1971)


* Cirillo, Vincent J. Bullets and Bacilli: The Spanish-American War and Military Medicine 2004.


* Graham A. Cosmas, An Army for Empire: The United States Army and the Spanish-American War (1971)


* Frank Freidel, The Splendid Little War (1958), well illustrated narrative by scholar


* Allan Keller, The Spanish-American War: A Compact History 1969


* Gerald F. Linderman, The Mirror of War: American Society and the Spanish-American War (1974), domestic aspects


* G. J. A. O'Toole, The Spanish War: An American Epic--1898 (1984).


* John Tebbel, America's Great Patriotic War with Spain (1996)


* David F. Trask, The War with Spain in 1898 (1981)





[edit] Historiography





* Duvon C. Corbitt, "Cuban Revisionist Interpretations of Cuba's Struggle for Independence," Hispanic American Historical Review 32 (August 1963): 395-404.


* Edward P. Crapol, "Coming to Terms with Empire: The Historiography of Late-Nineteenth-Century American Foreign Relations," Diplomatic History 16 (Fall 1992): 573-97;


* Hugh DeSantis, "The Imperialist Impulse and American Innocence, 1865-1900," in Gerald K. Haines and J. Samuel Walker, eds., American Foreign Relations: A Historiographical Review (1981), pp. 65-90


* James A. Field Jr., "American Imperialism: The Worst Chapter' in Almost Any Book," American Historical Review 83 (June 1978): 644-68, past of the "AHR Forum," with responses


* Joseph A. Fry, "William McKinley and the Coming of the Spanish American War: A Study of the Besmirching and Redemption of an Historical Image," Diplomatic History 3 (Winter 1979): 77-97


* Joseph A. Fry, "From Open Door to World Systems: Economic Interpretations of Late-Nineteenth-Century American Foreign Relations," Pacific Historical Review 65 (May 1996): 277-303


* Thomas G. Paterson, "United States Intervention in Cuba, 1898: Interpretations of the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War," History Teacher 29 (May 1996): 341-61;


* Louis A. Pérez Jr.; The War of 1898: The United States and Cuba in History and Historiography University of North Carolina Press, 1998


* Ephraim K. Smith, "William McKinley's Enduring Legacy: The Historiographical Debate on the Taking of the Philippine Islands," in James C. Bradford, ed., Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-American War and Its Aftermath (1993), pp. 205-49





[edit] Memoirs





* Funston, Frederick. Memoirs of Two Wars, Cuba and Philippine Experiences. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons, 1911


* U.S. War Dept. Military Notes on Cuba. 2 vols. Washington, DC: GPO, 1898.


* Wheeler, Joseph. The Santiago Campaign, 1898. Lamson, Wolffe, Boston 1898.





[edit] Newspaper and Magazine stories





* Cross, W. American Heritage Magazine. The perils of Evangelina. Feb. 1968.


* Cull, N. J., Culbert, D., Welch, D. Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present. Spanish-American War. Denver: ABC-CLIO. 2003. 378-379.


* Daley, L. El Fortin Canosa en la Cuba del 1898. in Los Ultimos Dias del Comienzo. Ensayos sobre la Guerra Hispano-Cubana-Estadounidense. B. E.Aguirre and E. Espina eds. RiL Editores, Santiago de Chile 2000. pp. 161-171.


* Davis, R. H. New York Journal. Does our flag shield women? 13 February 1897.


* Duval, C. New York Journal. Evengelina Cisneros rescued by The Journal. 10 October 1897.


* Kendrick M. New York Journal. Better she died then reach Ceuta. 18 August 1897.


* Kendrick, M. New York Journal. The Cuban girl martyr. 17 February 1897.


* Kendrick, M. New York Journal. Spanish auction off Cuban girls. 12 February 1897.


* McCook, Henry C. The Martial Graves of Our Fallen Heroes in Santiago de Cuba. Philadelphia: Jacobs, 1899.


* Muller y Tejeiro, Jose. Combates y Capitulacion de Santiago de Cuba. Marques, Madrid:1898. 208 p. English translation by US Navy Dept.


* Dirks, Tim. War and Anti-War Films. The Greatest Films. Retrieved on November 9, 2005.


* Adjutant General's Office Statistical Exhibit of Strength of Volunteer Forces Called Into Service During the War With Spain; with Losses From All Causes)Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899





[edit] Notes





1. ^ McCook (1899 pp. 417-442) who examined each known grave lists each of about 938 dead in his “Index of the Fallen” and mentions 1,415 treated at Siboney Hospital after the battle of San Juan Hill, which would include the numbers killed in the action around fort Canosa (Daley 2000). McCook mentions that very few died of wounds (these are included in the Index) once they reached this hospital. This differs from more official US figures: 385 killed in action 1,662 wounded and 2,061 dead from other causes [1]. Patrick McSherry lists for all theaters 332 combat deaths, 1,641 wounded, other causes of death 2,957, for a total of 3,549 US deaths [2]. Although these figures differ in proportions, the sum of US battle casualties in Cuba are congruent at about 2,200. McSherry lists 21 US Military killed in Philippines and Puerto Rico is about the same approximately 2,000 plus 260 sailors dead in the Maine explosion. The number of Spanish dead in and around Cuba including sailors is hard to estimate: “One century after the war experts still do not a clear idea about the Spanish casualties in the Spanish American War.” McSherry estimates 5,000–6,000 battle losses between 1895 and 1898 in campaigns against Cuban insurgents. Cuban forces, especially Supreme Cuban commander Máximo Gómez deliberately lured the Spanish into known fever areas. In addition it is widely reported that it was financially advantageous for the Spanish military field leadership to under report casualties. Estimates of Spanish losses to the insurgents in the Philippines were not found; however the war is described as bloody [3], such as in "The Siege of Baler"[4]. See individual battle articles for precise losses for each engagement.


2. ^ May (1961)


3. ^ Offner 1992 pp 131-35; Michelle Bray Davis, and Rollin W. Quimby, "Senator Proctor's Cuban Speech: Speculations on a Cause of the Spanish-American War," Quarterly Journal of Speech 1969 55(2): 131-141. ISSN 0033-5630


4. ^ Daley, 2000


5. ^ McCook, 1899


6. ^ Christian de Saint Hubert and Carlos Alfaro Zaforteza, "The Spanish Navy of 1898," Warship International vol. 7 (1980): 39 - 59, 110 - 119.


7. ^ Willard B. Gatewood Jr.; Black Americans and the White Man's Burden, 1898-1903. (1975), p. 23-29; there were some opponents, ibid. p 30-32.





[edit]


Historical Events?

I need at least 20 historical events over 1870-1940.


each of the seven decades must be covered at least once.





They can be on


sports/entertainment


famous immigrants or minorities in U.S


U.S. wars


Political events or government issues


Important inventions/inventors


interesting fashion trends and/ or social issues





please list as many as you can along with the year it happened

Historical Events?
You can find the answers you need in the Timelines section of the Information Please Almanac on line.
Reply:Look in your textbook.


There will be a time line there.


You should know this off the top of your head.
Reply:Angel Island, Not many people know about it. But here is a link to some information about it.





http://www.angel-island.com/history.html
Reply:1871 civil war---1917 ww1---1929 great depression---spanish/american war..dont know date check the web.---wright brothers flew first airplane..check web.--1907 oklahoma became a state--new mexico and arizona followed shortly thereafter..

teeth pictures

Ten most important events in 1994?

Doing a homework assignments so many events help!


No wikipedia because so many events just give me the ten most IMPORTANT events in 1994 thanks

Ten most important events in 1994?
Well i was born in 1994.... and the Rwanda genocide end in 1994! Ummm 1994 was designated as the "International Year of the Family". umm Events





* November 4 - San Francisco: First conference devoted entirely to the subject of the commercial potential of the World Wide Web. Featured speakers include Marc Andreessen of Netscape, Mark Graham of Pandora Systems, and Ken McCarthy of E-Media.


* November 4 - Sydney's third runway opens ensuring protests about noise levels.


* November 5 - A letter by former US President Ronald Reagan is released that announces he has Alzheimer's disease.


* November 8 - Georgia Representative Newt Gingrich leads the United States Republican Party in taking control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate in midterm congressional elections, the first time in 40 years the Republicans secured control of both houses of U.S. Congress. George W. Bush is elected Governor of Texas.


* November 13 - Voters in Sweden decide to join the European Union in a referendum.


* November 13 - The first passengers travel through the Channel Tunnel.


* November 13 - Formula One: Michael Schumacher clinches his first World Championship in the Australian Grand Prix.


* November 16 - Federal judge issues a temporary restraining order that prohibits the State of California from implementing Proposition 187, that would have denied most public services to illegal aliens.


* November 20 - The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol.








* January 1 - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes into effect. Zapatista Army of National Liberation begins war in Chiapas, Mexico.


* January 6 - Nancy Kerrigan is clubbed on the right leg by an assailant under orders from figure skating rival Tonya Harding's ex-husband.


* January 8 - Valeri Polyakov began his 437.7 day orbit, eventually setting the world record for days spent in orbit.


* January 11 - Irish government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the IRA and its political arm Sinn Féin.


* January 12 - President Clinton meets Presidents of Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland.


* January 14 - U.S. President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin Accords, which stop the preprogrammed aiming of nuclear missiles toward each country's targets, and also provide for the dismantling of the nuclear arsenal in Ukraine.


* January 17 - 1994 Northridge Earthquake, magnitude 6.7, hits the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4:31 a.m.


* January 20 - In South Carolina, Shannon Faulkner becomes the first female cadet to attend The Citadel but soon drops out.


* January 21 - Lorena Bobbitt is found not guilty by reason of insanity on charges of mutilating her husband John.


* January 25 - President Clinton delivers his first State of the Union address, calling for health care reform, a ban on assault weapons, and welfare reform.


* January 26 - A man fires two blank shots at Charles, Prince of Wales in Sydney, Australia.


* January 28 - The first trial of accused murderer Lyle Menendez ends in a mistrial. He and his brother Erik are later found guilty and sentenced to life in prison without parole.


* January 30 - In Super Bowl XXVIII, the Dallas Cowboys hand the Buffalo Bills their fourth consecutive Super Bowl loss, 30-13.


* January 31 - German luxury car manufacturer BMW announces the purchase of Rover from British Aerospace








there a bunch of stuff that happened now its your job to find the best!
Reply:one is the WWII was still going.
Reply:I turned 21 and hit the clubs! Man that was great. Other than that I haven't got a clue - I wasn't paying attention to the TV then.
Reply:Everything that happened with OJ Simpson should be on there.





Try going to www.vh1.com or youtube.com and look up the "I Love the 90's" specials and watch the year 1994 for their idea.





Good luck.
Reply:The New York Rangers won the Stanley Cup after 54 years.


Need information on events in Aspen!?

Does anyone know a website or local paper that lists events going on in Aspen during the x games? Events outside of the mountain, such as concerts, events at bars, parties etc. Things going on at night after the games.





Any and all information is greatly appreciated!

Need information on events in Aspen!?
Here's the Aspen Times' website:


http://www.aspenalive.com/





Good luck and have fun. There is tons to do in Aspen off the mountain, just depends on what you are looking for. Sometimes though you just need to ask the locals!


Upcoming Events script for website?

Hey All!





Really simple, I'm looking or a simple 'upcoming events' or calendar script similar to the one found on the Knights Templar Church website for use on our own website, used to display upcoming services and events.





take a look at the example


http://www.templechurch.com/





Any help would be mucho apreciado!





Thanks in advance!

Upcoming Events script for website?
try looking for scripts at http://php.resourceindex.com :)


Should all sporting events (you pay to attend) be broadcast as "pay-per-view" events?

If you have to pay to attend a (for example) football or baseball, doesn't it make sense you should also pay to see it on TV (as a pay-per-view event)? For example, I could care less about baseball, but FOX is broadcasting the playoffs/World Series. I'd rather watch the regular FOX programming. IMHO, the baseball ought to be on a Pay-per-view channel. In today's age of cable television, why are sporting events still broadcast and not pay-per-view?

Should all sporting events (you pay to attend) be broadcast as "pay-per-view" events?
no, they make enough money on the ads.
Reply:Advertising generates more revenue than pay-per-view. There are people that would like to see the game, but are not willing to pay for the right to watch it. There are many casual fans that watch just because the game is on. Advertisers loves sporting events, because many people watch live and don't skip the commercials.
Reply:because advertisments pay for everyone to watch for free!
Reply:Greetings!





They already are. That is why the advertisers are referred to as sponsors. They are paying so as they have the right to buy a round for everyone.





Good Luck
Reply:Oh goodness no! What you're paying for when you attend the event is the live element. Can you imagine it not being possible for a bunch of guys to gather around the TV to watch football.? There are areas in our country that don't have pay-per-view available to them.





The reason they air the sports instead of the regular programming is because they will have more viewers. And more viewers means they can charge more for their advertising.





And just for the record - I was bummed when there was a baseball game on instead of "House." But - that's just how our society works. Money plays a big part!
Reply:Just because YOU are not paying for it, doesn't mean that someone isn't paying for it to be on TV.





Do you want to know who is paying for it to be on TV for "FREE'?


The sponsors! That's where commercials comes from. Networks bid on different sporting events, the network that paid the sporting league the most is the network that will be airing the event. Then, the network charges their sponsors whatever they want to air commericals during the event. You see, even if you were a fan of baseball, you'd be paying to watch it simply by watching the commercials. Because you would be paying with your time, and to some people, time is money.





Also don't forget that when you watch Pay-Per-View events, (ex: Wrestling), there are absolutely no commericals, time-outs, breaks or anything like that. Just a straight-run event. That's why you have to pay $40 to watch it.
Reply:It's all about money, BIG money. TV revenue from advertisers is shared, at least by MLB, by the entire league.
Reply:Yes I think so
Reply:No Way!!They get enough money!!!
Reply:the better question is with 3 different channels dedicated to sports why are they still inturrupting normal programming? it's all about the money. networks make more money from the ad agencies when they are playing end season games than they do boradcasting regular programs, that's why they fight to get the rights to broadcast them.

losing teeth

Which events should intraday forex traders look out for?

besides the non-farm payroll and FOMC announcements.... which are the other events that will affect the financial markets most (in order of strength maybe)?





i'm looking at this from a forex trader's (ie. intraday) point of view, and would like to identify events where a trader would be better off not trading. no news-trading for me, thanks :O)

Which events should intraday forex traders look out for?
Very intelligent question. I am surprised that more people aren't sensitive to the impact that news announcements and economic reports have on the proper timing of entering and exitting Forex positions.





I start each week off with a careful review of the week's economic calendar at http://www.forexfactory.com/





It shows you the date and time of the respective announcements, the previous data and the anticipated data. The part that is really cool is that they use a warning system of yellow, orange and red to indicate the level of impact that the specific economic release tends to have on the market.





There are also a couple of pretty cool sites that give you the historical impact of the various news releases. This way you can see for example, if the Chicago PMI were to miss estimates by -10%, historically the EUR/USD would have a 65 pip rise over the first 30 minutes. Unfortunately these databases tend to be a bit pricey and I no longer use them since I am into longer term hedge trading these days.





Good luck.





Paul Upp


(925) 236-1839


Current Events Site?

Does anyone have a good current events news site? I have to do a report on it but can't find a really good website.





Any help will be appreciated! Thank you!





(If any of the websites is just current events in California that would be great!)

Current Events Site?
Try Google, under news and type in California. Other than that CCN.com and Foxnews.com would be your best bet...unless you want to search for your local newspaper online.
Reply:Check out the local news section of your cities online paper ... or news outlets ...





I included the local section of the LA Times ... but there are literally thousands of others!
Reply:http://www.sfgate.com


The above link is for current events in the SF Bay area and beyond. It includes a link for today's web edition of the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper.


A job in Events Management?

I have a degree in Arts Management and Events Management, and am currently looking for a job in Events.


Can anyone recommend anywhere? I have tried most of the event websites, but understand its who you know rather then what you know! Im looking for anything in arts, theatre, dance, productions etc...





Thanks for the help!

A job in Events Management?
I've never understood why an academic degree is offered in this subject when it's easier to just get out there and do the actual job!





Don't just look at events sites, look at other jobs in the industry too, perhaps more on the admin side. It's a good foot in the door and you'd get to hear about jobs coming up in other places.





Check out companies who may be large enough to have a social/fundraising team - a friend of mine runs events at a pharmaceutical (is that the right spelling?) company. Also look at conferencing in hotels, universities etc, or the alumni offices of universities.





Volunteer as much as you can to help out at events, festivals, etc as a steward. it looks good on your CV and again, puts you around the right people.





I used to work in the box office of a music festival and also did stewarding for them and other organisations in my spare time. I now get paid work as a concert manager when the festival's on, and didn't have to do a degree in it!
Reply:Try one of the larger, international corporate travel agencies, such as Carlson WagonLit, American Express, etc. They have large corporate clients (companies) who not only require large-volume travel arrangements, but also are asked to organise meetings and events (including entertainment) for their staffs. This is a very important aspect for this type of travel agency.


Good luck!
Reply:If you can organise a piss-up in a brewery you can try for a job at the Guiness factory.


What kind of events can I plan or attend to promote Christian Fellowship amongst men?

I have recently been thrusted into the position of Event Coordinator for our Men's Ministry at church. Although I am terribly excited about this I am also very nervous. Does anyone have any ideas for me on either planning events or attending them? I am expected to plan one event every two months. I was born and raised in Miami, FL. but am now living in Morgantown, WV so please keep the landscape in mind.

What kind of events can I plan or attend to promote Christian Fellowship amongst men?
How about attending a "Promise Keepers" conference? It may be out of town or in town, but it may give a opportunity for the men in the group to know each other better, while see the larger number Christian men that are out there.
Reply:Fishing Tournament , Fishers of men. Have a fishing tourny ,pond ,lake don't matter have a bbq to go along with the event it works well here in Ar.

loose teeth

Current Events and people?

I need some current events and people that took place between the year 06-07. The current event has to be one that you think will most likely be published in history books later on.


The same for current important people. Besides Bush and the war in Iraq!!!

Current Events and people?
A new quest for the seven wonders of the world was started,can't remember when or if they have been announced yet.
Reply:The civil war in Sudan/Darfur and how the world ignored the genocide.
Reply:The fiasco, lawsuits and criminal prosecution surrounding Valerie Plame, Scooter Libby, Dick Cheney and Bob Novak should be one for the history books. (The fact that Karl Rove has so far not been involved is most curious.)


Here is an overview:


Valerie Plame Wilson, former covert CIA agent, and her husband, Joseph Wilson, a former U.S. ambassador, sued Vice President Dick Cheney, his former top aide I. Lewis “Scooter” Libby, and presidential adviser Karl Rove in July, claiming they conspired to destroy Plame Wilson's career by leaking her identity to the media. In a July 2003 column, Joseph Wilson discredited President Bush's claim—and a justification for war in Iraq—that Saddam Hussein was pursuing a nuclear weapons program by seeking to obtain uranium from Niger. Shortly after Wilson publicized his views, columnist Robert Novak identified Plame Wilson as a CIA agent who specializes in weapons of mass destruction. Wilson believes the Bush administration leaked his wife's name as retribution. Novak has said that Rove was one of his sources for his column. In August, former deputy secretary of state Richard Armitage acknowledged that he was Novak's primary source for the information on Plame Wilson.





A CIA officer's name was blown,there was a leak and we needto figure out how that happened, who did it, why and whether a crime was committed. National security was at stake and it was especially important to find out accurate facts. Libby was charged with lying to FBI agents and to the grand jury about conversations with reporters.


WHAT events have already happened?

Some people have said that some events have already happend that were predicted in revelations.





Yet no one has said WHAT events and how they correlate to the bible prophcies.





Can someone please clear this all up?

WHAT events have already happened?
So far, the only things that have happened are not specifically prophecied about in Revelation:


Wars and rumors of wars, earthquakes, famines, other natural disasters, scoffers, et cetera. And those things have happened since the beginning of humanity's presence on Earth.





So far I haven't seen any of the prophecies from Revelation being fulfilled. However, because of the way Revelation is written, it speaks of things that couldn't possibly have happened until the last fifty years or so. So we are getting closer.
Reply:For one thing Israel was predicted to be formed and now it is a nation since 1948. How about world war 2 prophesied in Fatima in 1917. It has come to pass. Tsunami as mentioned by Christ in Mathew has happened in a way larger than the deluge 'cos it killed more than 300,000 people.
Reply:All of them. Why are Christians suddenly going mad with all this doomsday nonsense? Have they been watching too much History Channel? How about a bit of Nostradamus for a change?
Reply:The return of the Jews to Israel was prophesied. The Mormons in particular believe that several other biblical prophecies have been fulfilled. Paul prophesied that Christ would not come before a "falling away" occured. This apostasy happened even before the Helenization of the Christian church. There is the prophesy of Daniel where he says that in the latter days, God would set up a kingdom that would never be destroyed. We believe that refers to the Mormon church, as Joseph Smith was given strict instructions from God to restore Christ's original church. There is a prophesy in Revelations about an angel having the everlasting gospel to preach to every man, women, and child. We believe that was the angel Moroni who delivered a book of new scripture to Joseph Smith. There is the prophesy at the end of the old testament about the return of Elijah before the great and dreadful day of the Lord. This happened when Elijah returned and bestowed the keys of his dispensation to Joseph Smith in the Kirkland temple. We believe in the prophesy about the sticks (books) of Judah and Joseph. The bible is the stick of Judah, the Book of Mormon is the stick of Joseph (written by his descendants). We also believe in the prophesy that states that Zion will be established in the tops of the mountains (This is apparently the literal definition of the word Utah). There are many more, and several good books are written on the subject, available at any Mormon bookstore.
Reply:Revelation is gibberish. I don't scoff - I condemn.


Christmas events/activities in Gold Coast Australia for small kids/families?

As the title says....will be in the Gold Coast from 14 Dec onwards and am looking for Christmas activites and events for my 3 year old. Looking for Carols By Candlelight, Santa, Christmas lights etc





Doesn{t really matter where as we will be going from Southport to


Burleigh *and across to Robina








Am interested in any other small kid activities/events.





I know most people will say just relax on the beach or swim in the pool.....but although I am Australian we don`t live there - so I want to expose my daughter to as much Australian (western) culture as possible..and meet and talk with other Australian kids.

Christmas events/activities in Gold Coast Australia for small kids/families?
What about





Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary. They have one of the world's largest collections of Australian fauna, including many rare and endangered species.





Sea World with a host of exciting rides, shows and attractions offering a full day of family fun and an insight into our precious marine environment.





Wet 'n' Wild Water World Australia's premier water theme park.





And Faerie Park - see site http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standa...
Reply:Wow, all that time on the Gold Coast, aren't you lucky? Well, with a three year old in toe, I would suggest you look through the local papers when you get there and find out where Santa is going to be . He will be everywhere so don't worry you wont miss out I,m sure. Many of the BIG shopping centres will have Santa's on hand for photo's. Then you can head to Fox Movie World where it takes a whole day to get arond the place, besides the Giant Wet and Wild next door. Seaworld will be the place for the little one, all the shows and heaps to do for the kids besides all the rides. Plenty of interaction with people dressed in sea creature costumes.Don't forget, it's going to be HOT,HOT,HOT, so don't forget to slip,slop,slap and have a great holiday. There are just too many attractions to mention here, so check out Gold Coast Attractions on Google.


What events can take place beyond the human conscious?

This came to me years ago when I was at school. A Snails thought process is so slow if you were to demolish a multistory bulding not 30 meters away it wouldnt notice any of the effects. I.e. noise, vibration, dust, debris etc. As far as the Snail is concerned the building never existed... because Snails are pretty thick.... All things being relative and existing on a sliding scale (i.e Snails are slow, Sloths are quite slow, Cows are pretty dim, Dogs are pretty quick and Humans are super quick thinkers) What events can take place outside our realm of conscious? Surely the Snail must believe they know all that happens in their world just as we do... however we know the Snail (the muppet) is wrong... can we be so sure events dont take place outside our senses?

What events can take place beyond the human conscious?
One of the strangest features of string theory is that it requires more than the three spatial dimensions that we see directly in the world around us. That sounds like science fiction, but it is an indisputable outcome of the mathematics of string theory. So the question is, where are these extra dimensions? One suggestion is that they're all around us, but they're small relative to the dimensions that we directly see and therefore are more difficult to detect.





What the theory also predicts—not necessarily but possibly—is that energy can escape from our known dimensions and leak into these extra dimensions under appropriate circumstances. Those appropriate circumstances might be generated in high-energy collisions that will take place at the new atom smasher, the Large Hadron Collider.





So it's possible that through these high-energy collisions we will find that there is less energy at the end of the collision than there was at the start. If the energy loss is of just the right sort, it could be very strong evidence that the energy has seeped off into these extra dimensions. If that were true, if that were the best explanation we could find, that would be strong evidence that the extra dimensions are real, and that in turn would be strong evidence that the framework of string theory is correct.





Dr. H
Reply:Thats a very good way of putting it.


I suppose nothing is for certain and anything is possible, I am always open to the possibility that there is more out there than we can see or know, there has just got to be.
Reply:Some people get voices in their head which are'nt theirs.
Reply:Sometimes being a quick thinker can be a handicap too. It took us a long time to figure out that plate tectonics was happening for example. Imagine the stuff a snail or a sloth would notice that we would not, like the movement of shadows as the sun passes or the flow of clouds (see link below).





So I think that all thinking creatures probably inhabit their own optimal pattern zone. Some patterns we just would not notice because they are outside our zone. There could be living creatures in the universe who are very intelligent but their thought processes take years instead of seconds. Silicon-based life would be very slow because the physics are different than for carbon-based life.





There are also things we can't see or hear because they fall outside the range of our senses. Birds can hear sounds in the subsonic range, and some people have speculated that they can hear the earth "groaning" just before an earthquake. They might even use this hearing to navigate, as some areas would have distinctive sounds to distinguish them.





Think of the rich world of smells that we can't experience. To a dog, there is an amazing spectrum of odors that would be like a newspaper of stories and advertisements.





Whales can hear sounds produced on the other side of the world! This is because sound travels so easily in water.
Reply:Now that's a proper question !





You are absolutely right and it's exactly this sort of thinking that had led us to smash atomic particles together to find out what's going on outside our understanding of existence.





The theories of general relativity and quantum mechanics explain the physical properties of the very large and the very small respectively. They also however conflict with each other and we are looking for a combined theory that explains everything.





There is talk of additional dimensions, outside the realms of our understanding; they also theorise about vibrating stings that link all subatomic particles.





You're thoughts are absolutely spot on, we can't "see" these things, and we are only just beginning to realise they are there.





Keep thinking !
Reply:You were in which school ?!
Reply:well we certainly don't know everything about the universe that is clear, we can't decide between the steady state theory and the big bang, if you choose like me to think it is the big bang as it is proved by red shift, then we think it started at a point of matter, but what was that point of matter? we don't know, we may never be able to tell, what if we are in a giant snowglob as a new toy on some weird slimy aliens desk (I am sorry master!) and it is looking at us, we simply can't see it so we don't understand but if we don't see it and dont' know its there then, well its like the ancient chinese thing if a woman is moaning and there is no man around to hear her, is she still right? i think if you want something beyond our comprehension you need to look closer to home, we know its there, our brains, we don't understand them, or really ourselfs, or why we are here or what is the point of life, we can work things out in this life but can we work life itself out? i find that very doubtful, are there other life forms will SETI come up trumps, who knows?
Reply:definately yes.


there are things (events,objects) existant right next to us but we don't really (directly) sense them.


eg,light.electromagnetis radiation consists of a huge range of wavelengths.we humans can only sense a tiny fraction of this range, which is called the visible spectrum.this includes every colour that the human eye can detect.on the other hand,wavelengths of infrared light for example, are not detectable by us,however a few animals can sense infrared light/waves.


there are others as well.like cosmic rays....and the list goes on and on..


a theory about an ether that exists eveywhere (occupying space) has come up as well. this substance,the ether, is said to exist everywhere.it does not affect any forces.matter can go right through it too.however i don't really agree to this theory although experiments favour it.my point is that there are things that humans can't sense,at least directly.

rotten teeth